DISPARITY IN LIFE EXPECTANCY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE GENDERS IN NIGERIA: TRENDS, DETERMINANTS, AND GENDER INEQUALITIES

Abstract

Life expectancy is a global health trend in different parts of the world. In Nigeria, it is of
major concern because the rate is very low compared to other countries. The study
identifies the key determinants of the differences in life expectancy between males and
females in Nigeria, examines the role of gender inequality, socioeconomic factors, health
access and cultural influences on life expectancy as well as explores potential policy
interventions and measures to address this disparity. National Health Report (2024)
indicates that life expectancy in Nigeria, though improving, remains below the global
average of 73.3 years at 54.6 years, which is 25.5% below the international figure.
Highlighting the high level of health and socio-economic challenges faced by an average
Nigerian on a daily basis is an eye opener to the complex interplay of factors that
influence our lifespan. Universally, life expectancy is average of 73.3 years for both genders, with women projected to live up to 76 years and men 70.7 years. The difference
in life expectancy between men and women aligns with global trends, where women
generally live longer than men. However, the United Nations mission that Nigeria’s life
expectancy could reach 76.93 years by 2050 if the right decisions can be achieved. This
study brings more enlightenment on the importance of preventive medicine to health and
mankind.