Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure, and Sports
type: channel
description: The Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure, and Sports (NJHWLS) is a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to providing the opportunities of documenting current trend, theoretical, empirical, non-empirical, and original peer reviewed research papers on various aspects of human movement, health education, wellness, and sports. The area of coverage include but not limited to physical education, health education, physical fitness, sport administration and management, recreation, human performance, dance, adapted physical education, sociology and psychology of sports, biomechanics, exercise physiology
publisher: Department of Kinesiology, Health Education and Recreation, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
language: en-US
publication name: Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure, and Sports
issn: 2814-0435
items: Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure, and Sports Preliminary Pages
items: ACADEMIC STRESS AND RECREATIONAL INVOLVEMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE, NIGERIA: A STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND INVOLVEMENT
items: EFFECTS OF 8-WEEK GEORDIES CIRCUIT TRAINING ON PULMONARY FUNCTION VARIABLES OF OBESE FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN OYO TOWN
items: INCIDENCE, SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES OF LUMBAR STRAIN AMONG LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN IBADAN: EFFECTS OF AN EIGHT WEEK STATIC-STRETCHING AND VIBRATION-THERAPY EXERCISE PROGRAM
items: PERSONAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF RECREATIONAL SPORTS INVOLVEMENT AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRES, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
items: ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AKURE NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
items: HEALTHY AGING FOR ALL: THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN BRIDGING GENDER GAP
items: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF CHILD IMMUNIZATION AMONG NURSING MOTHERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE
items: ASSESSING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG COLLEGE OF EDUCATION SCHOOL STUDENTS
items: DISPARITY IN LIFE EXPECTANCY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE GENDERS IN NIGERIA: TRENDS, DETERMINANTS, AND GENDER INEQUALITIES
items: ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF ROPE SKIPPING ON RESTING HEART RATE OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN MAKURDI
items: SOCIAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN NDOKWA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, DELTA STATE
items: SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF SEXUAL COERCION AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN OYO CENTRAL SENATORIAL DISTRICT, OYO STATE
items: PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON EXERCISE IDENTITY OF EXERCISE ENTHUSIASTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
items: FACTORS PREDISPOSING STUDENT-ATHLETES TO SPORT INJURIES IN ADEKUNLE AJASIN UNIVERSITY, AKUNGBA-AKOKO ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
items: ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHICS AND UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS OF KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTALISTS IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
items: PERCEIVED IMPACT OF AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL RESOURCES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA’S COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
items: PERCEIVED IMPACT OF AVAILABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA’S COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
items: PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS IN THE SPINE AND LOWER EXTREMITIES OF ADULT FEMALE USERS OF HIGH HEELED SHOES IN CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE
items: INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON HEALTH BEHAVIOUR AMONG WOMEN IN NIGER STATE – NIGERIA
items: GRASSROOTS FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AS PREDICTORS OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
items: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND PREVALENCE OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG TEACHING AND NON-TEACHING STAFF OF A SOUTH-WESTERN UNIVERSITY IN NIGERIA
items: EVALUATION OF PERCEIVED DANGERS OF HEALTHCARE WASTES AMONG PATIENTS AND THE WORKERS IN OSUN STATE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES, NIGERIA
items: ATTITUDES AND TRAINING AS DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
items: IMPACT OF SPORTS BULLYING ON MENTAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY ATHLETES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
items: THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN CULTURAL FESTIVALS. A GENERAL OVERVIEW
items: SECURITY AS A DETERMINANT OF ACHIEVING LIFE AMBITION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AMONG PEOPLE IN OYO STATE
items: IMPACT OF EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC INCENTIVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ELITE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES IN NIGERIA
items: ORGANISATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE
items: EFFECTS OF BRICKWALKING ON ANTHROPMETRICS VARIABLES OF OBESE ADULTS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS, KWARA STATE
items: INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION AND EXERCISE ON THE WELL-BEING OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AKINYELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE.
items: MENTAL TOUGHNESS AS PREDICTORS OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE-ATHLETES OF LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY, IBADAN
items: AVAILABILITY AND COMPLIANCE WITH COVID-19 PREVENTIVE PROTOCOLS IN SPORT ARENAS DURING TRAINING AND COMPETITIONS IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA COVID-19
items: AGING AND EXERCISE: CONCERN FOR FITNESS OF THE ELDERLY FOR GRACEFUL AGING
items: REVOLUTIONIZING THE TEACHING OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
items: SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AS TOOLS FOR CURBING CAMPUS CULTISM IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
items: RELEVANCE OF COMMUNICATION TO THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND ITS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
items: PERCEIVED EFFECT OF EXERCISES ON JOB PRODUCTIVITY AMONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS IN IJEBU ODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OGUN STATE
items: ASSESSMENT OF PERCEIVED RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY TRUCK MOVEMENT IN OSUN STATE

Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure, and Sports Preliminary Pages
type: item
description: Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure and Sports (NJHWLS) is a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to providing the opportunities of documenting current trend. Theoretical, empirical, non-empirical and original peer reviewed research papers on various aspects of human movement, health education, wellness and sports. The area of coverage include but not limited to physical education, health education, physical fitness, sport administration and management, recreation, human performance, dance, adapted physical education, sociology and psychology of sports, biomechanics, exercise physiology.
creator: K. A. Aderonmu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
volume: 6
number: 1

ACADEMIC STRESS AND RECREATIONAL INVOLVEMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE, NIGERIA: A STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND INVOLVEMENT
type: item
description: This study assessed academic stress and recreational involvement among undergraduates at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, examining the prevalence of academic stress and level of involvement in recreational activities among the undergraduate students. The study used a descriptive survey design with 1000 respondents selected through multi-stage sampling (cluster sampling, random sampling and convenience sampling techniques) procedure. A structured questionnaire with three sections (PIQ, PASS, and PAQ-A) was used to collect data on sociodemographics, academic stress, and physical activity. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found a high prevalence of academic stress driven by concerns over failure, job prospects, and workload, with significant percentages experiencing stress related to fear of failure (73.48%), job prospects (72.5%), examination times (83.7%), workload (98.1%), parental expectations (66.5%), and competition for grades (70.3%). Despite this, students exhibit confidence in decision making (92.2%) and some report having time to relax (84.8%). The study also highlights hat students are generally less involved in recreational activities requiring facilities or organized groups (e.g., hockey, volleyball, basketball), with the majority of students report never participating in most recreational activities, while activities that require less equipment or can be done individually (dance, walking, jogging/running, aerobics) see higher engagement. Conclusively, there is a high academic stress among undergraduates due to concerns like failure and workload. Despite this, students showed confidence. Recreational activity participation was relatively low. To address this, it is recommended that universities should provide stress management workshops and promote recreational activities to foster a healthier campus environment.
creator: AFEEZ BABATUNDE OGUNDELE
creator: MICHAEL OLUWATOSIN ADEWUMI
creator: ANN OLAYEMI ARUNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

EFFECTS OF 8-WEEK GEORDIES CIRCUIT TRAINING ON PULMONARY FUNCTION VARIABLES OF OBESE FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN OYO TOWN
type: item
description: This study examined the effects of an 8-week Geordies circuit training programme on pulmonary function variables of obese female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Oyo Town, Nigeria. The study adopted a pretest-posttest experimental design. The population for the study was 70 participants who were divided into experimental and control groups respectively. The t-test statistics were used to compare the difference in the results between the experimental and the control group. The findings from the study showed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of Vital Capacity (Crit-t = 2.00, Cal.t = 4.934, df = 69,p<.05). Also, the findings showed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (Crit-t = 2.00, Cal.t = 8.714, df = 69,p<.05). Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that obese female undergraduates should be encouraged to take part in regular Geordies jogger circuit exercise for improved cardiopulmonary functions.
creator: OLUSEGUN ADEWALE AJAYI
creator: ABASS AYOBAMI SALAAM
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 10
ending page: 21

INCIDENCE, SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES OF LUMBAR STRAIN AMONG LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN IBADAN: EFFECTS OF AN EIGHT WEEK STATIC-STRETCHING AND VIBRATION-THERAPY EXERCISE PROGRAM
type: item
description: Lumbar strain is a prevalent musculoskeletal issue among law enforcement officers due to the physically demanding nature of their work, which often involves prolonged standing, repetitive movements, sudden exertion, and use of heavy protective gear. This study therefore examined incidence, sex and age differences in lumbar strain among law enforcement officers in Ibadan: effects of an eight-week static-stretching and vibration therapy exercise program. The populations for this study included male and female of all federal government law enforcement officers in Ibadan, with lumber strain. Ninety law enforcement officers were sampled using randomized pre-test post-test control group experimental research design of 3x2x2 factorial matrixes. Data were analysed using Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 significance level. Result revealed that, participants with severed lumber strain are in the majority among law enforcement Officers (87.8%). The study also revealed that there was no significant main effect of treatment and gender on low back pain (F(2,83) = 0.011, p<0.05, η2 = 0.00) of law enforcement Personnel in Ibadan. Estimated marginal means indicated slightly higher posttest mean score (23.391) for female than their male (23.253) counterpart. Finally, Result indicated that there was a significant interaction of treatment, gender and age on low back pain (F(6,84) = 6.723, p<0.05, η2 = 0.170) of law enforcement Officers in Ibadan. Conclusively, incidence of severed level of lumber strain were prevalent among law enforcement officers in Ibadan. The study recommends that, regular health assessments should be instituted for law enforcement officers, especially considering the high incidence rate observed
creator: ONUWA OBENYEOKWU HAPPY
creator: OLUWASUN OLADAPO OLAWALE
creator: EMMANUEL IGBA IGBA
creator: IREBAMI AYEKOTI SAHEED
creator: SOLOMON ADEKUNLE ADEYANJU
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 22
ending page: 35

PERSONAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF RECREATIONAL SPORTS INVOLVEMENT AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRES, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
type: item
description: Recreational Sports Involvement (RSP) has been recognized for its preventive and potential curative effects on various medical conditions. However, research on RSP remains limited, particularly among healthcare professionals. This study investigated how personal factors predict RSP among healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in Federal Medical Centres (FMCs) across South-western Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from 723 respondents using a validated, self developed questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed a generally low level of RSP among HCPs in the selected FMCs. There was a significant joint prediction of personal factors of lifestyle, skill level and health benefit on RSP among the respondents (F(3,719)=379.292, p<0.05). There were significant relative predictions of lifestyle (β=-0.854, p<0.05) and skill level (β=0.169, p<0.05) on RSP among the respondents, while health benefit (β=-0.012, p>0.05) did not. The study concluded that recreational sports involvement (RSP) was generally low among healthcare professionals. Personal factors were found to significantly predict RSP, with lifestyle and skill level showing significant individual contributions, while perceived health benefits did not. It was recommended that management of Federal Medical Centres in South-western Nigeria should strengthen efforts to implement targeted health education programmes promoting RSP among healthcare professionals.
creator: OLAITAN OLAOLUWA SASEYI
creator: OPEOLUWA AKINSANMI OYEDELE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 36
ending page: 49

ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AKURE NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study assessed emergency preparedness in public and private secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria, with the objectives of examining the level of awareness of emergency preparedness among teachers and students and determining if there was a significant difference between the two groups. Methodologically, the study employed a descriptive survey research design, using a structured questionnaire as an instrument for data collection from 850 respondents comprising 250 teachers and 600 students from twenty-five (25) schools that were sampled using a multi-stage sampling (stratified sampling, random sampling and convenience sampling techniques) procedure. The data were descriptively analysed using frequency count, percentages and inferential statistics. The study found no significant difference in the teachers’ and students’ awareness of security challenges and emergency preparedness, with a relatively good awareness of security challenges and emergency preparedness among both teachers and students in secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area. This study concluded that there is a good awareness of security challenges and emergency preparedness, with some schools having functional security gadgets. However, there are gaps in comprehensive security coverage, with certain gadgets like cell phones, school ambulances, and security guards being less available or functional. The study recommends that authorities should leverage the relatively good awareness of security challenges and emergency preparedness among teachers and students to develop targeted training and drills. Additionally, schools should combine awareness with tangible infrastructure to ensure a secure and supportive educational setting.
creator: FAUSAT IBIRONKE IYIOLA
creator: MUHAMMED ADEWALE MUILI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 50
ending page: 57

HEALTHY AGING FOR ALL: THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN BRIDGING GENDER GAP
type: item
description: This review examines the role of physical activity in promoting healthy aging, with a specific focus on addressing gender disparities in aging outcomes. Nigeria’s aging population is growing rapidly. However, despite advancements in healthcare, gender gaps persist in health span, life expectancy, and quality of life among older adults, with women living longer but facing higher rates of disability and chronic conditions, and men experiencing elevated mortality risks from cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity is a critical modifiable factor that can mitigate age-related decline, yet its uptake and impact differ significantly between men and women due to physiological, social, and cultural factors. This paper synthesizes current research on how physical activity interventions can bridge these gaps, synthesizing evidence on the benefits of physical activity, exploring gender-specific barriers and tailored interventions. Drawing on epidemiological, physiological, and sociological studies, the need for equitable, gender sensitive approaches to promote active aging for all was highlighted. Key recommendations include targeted exercise programs, community-based initiatives, and technological innovations to enhance physical activity access and adherence.
creator: M.T. FATOBA
creator: O.J FATOBA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 58
ending page: 70

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF CHILD IMMUNIZATION AMONG NURSING MOTHERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE
type: item
description: This study assessed the knowledge and practice of child immunisation among nursing mothers in Makurdi Local Government area of Benue State, based on level of education. A descriptive survey research design was used in this study. From a population of 806 nursing mothers registered in the 62 maternity healthcare centres in Makurdi, simple random sampling technique of deep and pick was used to select 18 maternity healthcare centres out of the available 62 maternity healthcare centres in Makurdi, from which Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 198 respondents for this study. The instrument was a self-structured questionnaire titled “Knowledge and Practice of Child Immunization Among Nursing Mothers Questionnaire (KPCIANMQ)” and was validated by experts in health education. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient score was 0.81. Data collected were analysed using frequencies and percentages to analyse the bio-data, descriptive statistics of mean to answer the research questions and Analysis of variance was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that, on the knowledge of child immunisation among nursing mothers, respondents with tertiary education and secondary education had higher overall mean scores of 4.00 each, primary education with 3.33, while no formal education had 2.41. On the practice of child immunisation among nursing mothers, respondents with tertiary education had higher overall mean scores of 3.99, secondary education = 3.16, primary education = 2.55, while no formal education had the least overall mean score of 1.48. The Analyses of variance also revealed that there is a significant difference in knowledge [F3,194 = 85.79 P<0.05]; and practice [F3,194 = 46.70, P<0.05] of immunization among mothers based on level of education. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that; there is a significant difference in the level of knowledge and practice of child immunisation among …
creator: SARAH NGUKURAN BURBWA
creator: TIMOTHY TERFA SHACHIA
creator: TITUS M KARTSER
creator: EMMANUEL ORYIMAN AWAV
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 71
ending page: 81

ASSESSING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG COLLEGE OF EDUCATION SCHOOL STUDENTS
type: item
description: This study investigates the attitudes of male and female students towards physical education and assesses the impact of these attitudes on their health outcomes at the Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka. It examined gender differences in attitudes towards PE; and analyzed its correlation on health outcomes of the respondents. Guided by four research questions, the study utilized a cross-sectional research design involving 180 participants selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 280 students. A structured questionnaire with validated and reliable items o tested with t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient respectively. The findings revealed significant differences in attitudes between genders, with female students exhibiting more positive attitudes towards physical education compared to male students. Additionally, a strong positive correlation (0.675) was identified between favorable attitudes towards physical education and improved self-reported health outcomes. The study concluded that fostering positive perceptions of physical education is essential for ’ -being. Major recommendations include implementing gender-responsive physical education programs, enhancing access to sports facilities, and promoting family engagement in physical activities. Overall, addressing these barriers and promoting positive attitudes can lead to significant improvement in student' participation in physical activities
creator: TIMOTHY OLUWAGBENGA OLOWOYEYE
creator: JAMES ADEKUNLE ADEDOKUN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 82
ending page: 95

DISPARITY IN LIFE EXPECTANCY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE GENDERS IN NIGERIA: TRENDS, DETERMINANTS, AND GENDER INEQUALITIES
type: item
description: Life expectancy is a global health trend in different parts of the world. In Nigeria, it is of major concern because the rate is very low compared to other countries. The study identifies the key determinants of the differences in life expectancy between males and females in Nigeria, examines the role of gender inequality, socioeconomic factors, health access and cultural influences on life expectancy as well as explores potential policy interventions and measures to address this disparity. National Health Report (2024) indicates that life expectancy in Nigeria, though improving, remains below the global average of 73.3 years at 54.6 years, which is 25.5% below the international figure. Highlighting the high level of health and socio-economic challenges faced by an average Nigerian on a daily basis is an eye opener to the complex interplay of factors that influence our lifespan. Universally, life expectancy is average of 73.3 years for both genders, with women projected to live up to 76 years and men 70.7 years. The difference in life expectancy between men and women aligns with global trends, where women generally live longer than men. However, the United Nations mission that Nigeria’s life expectancy could reach 76.93 years by 2050 if the right decisions can be achieved. This study brings more enlightenment on the importance of preventive medicine to health and mankind.
creator: ANN OLAYEMI ARUNA
creator: MICHAEL OLUWATOSIN ADEWUMI
creator: AFEEZ BABATUNDE OGUNDELE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 96
ending page: 107

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF ROPE SKIPPING ON RESTING HEART RATE OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN MAKURDI
type: item
description: This study assessed the influence of rope skipping on resting heart rate (RHR) of female adolescents in Makurdi, Benue State. Pretest-posttest group research design was adopted for this study, Simple random sampling technique of deep and pick with replacement was used, for selecting, (27) participants who were randomly assigned to either experimental group (13) or control group (14). The experimental group underwent rope-skipping training three (3) times in a week for eight (8) weeks, while the control group did not. Before and after the training, resting heart rate (RHR), was measured using digital blood pressure apparatus and the data collected were recorded as pretest and posttest respectively. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to describe the physical characteristics of participants and hypothesis was tested using student's independent t-test at significant level of 0.05. through the statistical package for the social sciences (IBM SPSS®) for windows version 20. After the t test analysis, the result revealed that eight (8) weeks of rope-skippingThis study assessed the influence of rope skipping on resting heart rate (RHR) of female adolescents in Makurdi, Benue State. Pretest-posttest group research design was adopted for this study, Simple random sampling technique of deep and pick with replacement was used, for selecting, (27) participants who were randomly assigned to either experimental group (13) or control group (14). The experimental group underwent rope-skipping training three (3) times in a week for eight (8) weeks, while the control group did not. Before and after the training, resting heart rate (RHR), was measured using digital blood pressure apparatus and the data collected were recorded as pretest and posttest respectively. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to describe the physical characteristics of participants and hypothesis was …
creator: TIMOTHY TERFA SHACHIA
creator: JONATHAN JONATHAN
creator: DANIEL ADI DANIEL
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 108
ending page: 115

SOCIAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN NDOKWA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, DELTA STATE
type: item
description: Health care seeking behaviour of older adults has been ascertained as an essential step that improves health outcomes. On the other hand, delays can cause prolonged suffering, emotional stress and decreased quality of life due to worsening symptoms. These can further lead to significant burdens on the families; leading to increased caregiving needs, emotional stress and financial strain. Despite these, there is a dearth of studies on health care seeking behaviour; specifically, among older adults in Ndokwa East Local Government Area (LGA). This study therefore, examined social and contextual factors as predictors of health care seeking behaviour (HCSB) among older adults in Ndokwa East LGA, Delta State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted, while a self developed questionnaire was used for data collection from three hundred and fifteen (315) respondents. Frequency count, percentages, mean, standard deviation and multiple regression were used for the analysis. The result of this study revealed that, the level of HCSB was high (weighted mean=3.22) among older adults in Ndokwa East LGA. Result also revealed that there was a significant joint prediction of social factors on health care seeking behaviour among the respondents (F(3,312)=7.893, p<0.05). There were significant relative predictions of social factors of caregiver support (β=0.146, p<0.05) and stigma (β=-0.165, p<0.05) on HCSB. There was a significant joint prediction of contextual factors on HCSB among older adults in Ndokwa East LGA (F(3,312)=4.735, p<0.05). There were significant relative predictions of contextual factors of availability (β=-0.138, p<0.05) and accessibility to healthcare service (β=0.134, p<0.05) on HCSB. Conclusion was made that, the level of health care seeking behaviour was high among older adults in Ndokwa East LGA. There were significant joint predictions of social and contextual factors on health care seeking behaviour respectively. There were significant joint relative pred…
creator: UGBOMAH STEPHEN OPIA
creator: TAIWO ADEBANKE OLA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 116
ending page: 128

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF SEXUAL COERCION AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN OYO CENTRAL SENATORIAL DISTRICT, OYO STATE
type: item
description: This study examined the social determinants of sexual coercion among female undergraduates in Oyo State Central Senatorial District, Oyo state with a view to curbing the menace of sexual coercion in the study area. The study was guided by two research hypotheses. The descriptive survey research design was employed for this study. The population for the study consisted of female undergraduates in public and private tertiary institutions in Oyo State central senatorial district, Nigeria. The sample size for this study comprised 320 female undergraduates drawn from four out of the existing eleven Local Government areas using multi- stage sampling technique. Four LGAs were sampled using simple random sampling technique. From each LGA, two tertiary institutions (totalling 8) were selected using stratified random sampling technique while 40 female undergraduates (20 public and private 20) were sampled using simple random sampling technique. A self-designed and validated questionnaire titled Social determinants of Sexual Coercion (SDSC) was the only instrument used for data collection with reliability coefficient (r =.087). Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics of percentage and Spearman’s roh correlation analysis. The results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between social factors of indecent dressing (ρ = .194*, p < .01); peer influence (r = .145*, p < .05); and exposure to pornography(r = .131*, p < .05) and sexual coercion among the female undergraduates in the study location. The study concluded that Social factors of indecent dressing, peer influence and exposure to pornography were found to be determinants of sexual coercion
creator: ADEWALE ADESINA ADEGBOLA,
creator: R. B. AYODELE
creator: ABASS AYOBAMI SALAAM
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 129
ending page: 139

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON EXERCISE IDENTITY OF EXERCISE ENTHUSIASTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: The study investigated the forms and patterns of exercises preferred by exercise enthusiasts in Osun State. It also determined the relationship between psychological factors (self-efficacy, body image) and exercise identity of exercise enthusiasts in the study area. In addition, the study assessed the relationship between social network (pear influence, social status) and exercise identity of exercise enthusiasts in Osun State.The study employed the cross – sectional research design. The population for the study comprised all exercise enthusiasts in Osun State with a sample size of 300 exercise enthusiasts. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the study. Two instruments were used for this study, one adapted and the other self – developed. They are (i) Exercise Self-efficacy Scale (ESES) by Thilo kroll, Mathew Kehn, Pei-Shu Ho and Suzane Groah (2007) and (ii) a self-develop questionnaire titled Psycho Exercise Identity Scale (PSEIS). The result showed that walking was the predominant form of exercise with 254 (84.7%) of the total responses while a significant portion 2.03 0.96 exercise regularly. There was a significant relationship between the forms and patterns of exercise preferred and exercise identity of exercise enthusiasts. Finally, the result showed that age (β=1.10, p<0.05), gender (β=0.50, p<0.01), and religion (β=0.19, p<0.02) interacted meaningfully with psycho-social factors to influence exercise identity. The study concluded that psycho-social factors (self-efficacy and peer influence) and demographic factors (age and gender) positively influenced exercise identity with self-efficacy having the greatest influence on exercise enthusiasts in Osun State, Nigeria.
creator: RASAQ AJANI
creator: SHINA SEGUN RAIYEGBEMI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 140
ending page: 154

FACTORS PREDISPOSING STUDENT-ATHLETES TO SPORT INJURIES IN ADEKUNLE AJASIN UNIVERSITY, AKUNGBA-AKOKO ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study investigates factors predisposing student-athletes to sport injuries in Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko Ondo State, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised, and three hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study. Descriptive survey research was adopted for the study while the population comprised of student-athletes of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State from which 210 respondents were randomly selected as sample which consisted of 136 male athlete and 74 female athlete, volunteer sampling technique was adopted for the recruitment of respondents. The research instrument used for data collection was a self-constructed questionnaire (FPSASI), the researcher administered the questionnaire which was done immediately. The retrieved questionnaire forms were coded into frequency tables while simple percentage (%) and Chi-square (x2) statistics were applied for data analyses. The result reveals that inefficient warm-up activities, inadequate facilities/equipment, and coaches are significant factors that predisposed student-athlete of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State to sport injuries. It is recommended that administrator and coaches of universities should implement evidence-based injuries prevention programs using warmup routines, coaching practices, efficient management of facilities and equipment’s, warm-up intervention program should be reviewed and ensured to meet standard, be sport-specific, safe and modifiable, educating university coaches on evidence-based injury prevention and load management should be a priority, facilities and equipment be efficiently managed by a professional to ensure it meets the safety standard required and there should be provision to replace worn or defective equipment.
creator: KOLAWOLE QUADRIL AKINBADE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 155
ending page: 167

ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHICS AND UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS OF KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTALISTS IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study assessed the demographics and upper extremity musculoskeletal complaints (UE-MSKC) of keyboard instrumentalists in Benin City. A cross-sectional study on 115 keyboard instrumentalists recruited via consecutive sampling. Participants’ age and sex were obtained, while UE-MSKC was assessed with Maastricht upper extremity questionnaire. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were use to summarized the data. The participants were aged 18-39 years. Majority of the participants were males (81.7%). Majority (62.6%) have played keyboard instruments for 1-5 years, about a third (37.4%) have played for 1 hour without break, while over half (58.3%) played for 5 hours with breaks. A 12 month prevalence of UE-MSKC (98.3%) was found with neck pain being highly prevalent (86.1%). Right UE-MSKC was prevalent in the shoulder (61.7%), upper arm (62.6%), elbow (67.0%), lower arm (63.5%), wrist (63.5%), and hand (61.7%). Majority of the participants feel pain (53.9%) and fatigue (48.7%) immediately after playing. About a third of participants sought physician (31.3%) or physiotherapy service (29.6%). Keyboard instrumentalists in Benin City are male dominated and aged 18-39 years. This study revealed a high prevalence of UE-MSKC in the neck, right wrist, right elbow and right hand of keyboard instrumentalists in Benin City.
creator: NICHOLAS OGHUMU SATURDAY
creator: ITSEOLUWA USIAGHAN TEMISAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 168
ending page: 180

PERCEIVED IMPACT OF AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL RESOURCES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA’S COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
type: item
description: This study examined the Perceived Impact of Availability of Material Resources on the Implementation of Physical Education Programmes in Nigeria’s Colleges of Education. The research design for the study was the survey (Ex-post-facto) research design. The population of this study comprises all academic staff of Physical and Health Education (N=720) in 90 public (31 Federal and 59 State Colleges of Education) in Nigeria that offer Physical and Health Education programmes. For the purpose of the study, forty-five 45 (50%) of the Colleges of Education that offer the programme across the six (6) geo-political zones of Nigeria were selected as the sample. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sampled colleges to give each College equal probability of being selected as well as being represented in the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A 5-point Likert-scale was used for the scoring of responses that were provided by respondents. Mean (X) and standard deviation (SD) was used to analyse responses to the research question, while Chi-square (x2) was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study it found that availability of material resources significantly impact on the successful implementation of Physical Education programmes in Nigeria's Colleges of Education. The study recommends that the material resources that are required for successful implementation of Physical Education programmes in Nigeria’s Colleges of Education should be made available
creator: ALHAJI ISMAILA UBALE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 181
ending page: 188

PERCEIVED IMPACT OF AVAILABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA’S COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
type: item
description: This study examined the Perceived Impact of Availability of Human Resources on the Implementation of Physical Education Programmes in Nigeria’s Colleges of Education. The study was guided by eight objectives. The research design for the study was the survey (Ex-post-facto) research design. The population of this study comprises all academic staff of Physical and Health Education (PHE) (N=720) in 90 public (31 Federal and 59 State Colleges of Education) in Nigeria that offer Physical Education programmes. For the purpose of the study, forty-five 45 (50%) of the Colleges of Education that offer the programme across the six (6) geo-political zones of Nigeria were selected as the sample. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sampled colleges to give each College equal probability of being selected as well as being represented in the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A 5-point Likert-scale was used for the scoring of responses that were provided by the respondents. Mean (X) and standard deviation (SD) were used to analyse responses to the research question, while inferential statistics of Chi-square (x2) was used to test the formulated null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. From the study it was established that Availability of Human Resources significantly impact on the successful implementation of Physical Education programmes in Nigeria's Colleges of Education. Based on the findings of made, it is recommended that Colleges of Education that offer PHE Programmes in Nigeria should ensure sustainable availability of PHE teachers through recruitment.
creator: ALHAJI ISMAILA UBALE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 189
ending page: 196

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS IN THE SPINE AND LOWER EXTREMITIES OF ADULT FEMALE USERS OF HIGH HEELED SHOES IN CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE
type: item
description: This study assessed the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in the spine and lower extremities of adult female users of high-heeled shoes in Calabar, Cross River State. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 adult female users of high-heeled shoes from the University of Calabar and banks in Calabar. Participants’ age and heel heights were obtained and categorized. Musculoskeletal complaints were assessed by a validated questionnaire on musculoskeletal complaint by a previous study. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were use to summarized the data. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were aged 25-29 years, 52% were students while 48% were bankers. The 3-inches high-heeled shoes were the most 45(45%) worn high heels, followed by 2-inches high-heeled shoes 40(40%). The study also shows that majority, 26(54.17%), of the 3-inches high heeled shoes were worn by bankers; whereas majority, 31(59.61%), of the 2-inches high-heeled shoes were worn by students. Complaints in the lower back was most prevalent (38.00%), followed by: the cervical spine (30.00%), feet (26.00%), knees (24.00%). thoracic spine (21%), hips (17%) and the lower leg (15%). Musculoskeletal complaints in the lower back, cervical spine, knees, and feet are prevalent among adult female users of high-heeled shoes in Calabar.
creator: NICHOLAS OGHUMU SATURDAY
creator: OMOZELE ESEZOBOR MARY-ANN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 197
ending page: 208

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON HEALTH BEHAVIOUR AMONG WOMEN IN NIGER STATE – NIGERIA
type: item
description: Positive health behaviour improves overall health of an individual, it reduces the risks of diseases and promote health. However, less attention is given to it's importance due to low social support especially to women mostly from low income societies in Nigeria. This study examines the influence of social support on health behaviours among women in Niger State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 384 respondents. Cross - Sectional survey design was used. Data analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result shows that, the majority of participants (52.1%) reported moderate to high level of social support. Multiple linear regression analysis indicate that healthy eating model with β = 0.23, p<0.001 financial support and family and friends support with β = 0.18, p < 0.002 is a significant predictor, while exercise, stress management and routine medical check up models shows lesser F statistics of 8.51, 6.21 and 12.15 respectively. The study concluded that social support play a critical role in promoting healthy behaviours among women. Healthcare providers and policymakers can leverage these insights to develop targeted interventions that foster social support networks.
creator: S. N AKOREDE
creator: M NDATETENGI
creator: A. S GETSO
creator: A. H ABDULFATAH
creator: B, USMAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 209
ending page: 222

GRASSROOTS FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AS PREDICTORS OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: Grassroots football lays the foundation of the game of football and its primary aim is to increase participation for children, youths and those with physical disability. However, its development in Nigeria is low and did not accommodate the perspectives on which the foundation of grassroots football development was laid. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of studies on grassroots football development strategies recently in Nigeria. This study therefore, examined grassroots football development strategies as predictors of professional football development (PFD) in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted, while self-developed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection from 647 respondents. The descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. While the descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the research questions. However, inferential statistics of multiple regressions was used to test the hypotheses 1 and 2 at 0.05 alpha level. The result revealed that, the level of professional football development was low in Nigeria (weighted mean=1.77). There was a joint prediction of grassroots football development strategies of club networks, modern facilities, male and female participation on PFD in Nigeria (F(4,642)=115.695, p<0.05). Modern facilities (β=-0.394, p<0.05), male (β=-0.493, p<0.05) and female participation (β=0.581, p<0.05) had relative prediction on PFD in Nigeria, while club networks (β=-0.053, p>0.05) did not. The study concluded that, there was significant joint and relative influence of grassroots football development on professional football development in Nigeria. Recommendation was made that, Nigerian Football Federation should collaborate with other relevant stakeholders in the football industry to ensure that football is more developed from grassroots in Nigeria; with emph…
creator: SUNDAY PETER OMOBHUDE
creator: AKINSANMI OPEOLUWA OYEDELE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 223
ending page: 234

A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND PREVALENCE OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG TEACHING AND NON-TEACHING STAFF OF A SOUTH-WESTERN UNIVERSITY IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: High-blood-pressure (HBP) is a silent-killer and physical-activity is one its modifiable-risk-factors. This study assessed and compared physical-activity-level (PAL) and HBP-prevalence among teaching-and non-teaching-staff, University of Lagos. A cross-sectional-descriptive-study-design was used to select 952-respondents. An adapted pre-tested-version of WHO-STEPwise-questionnaire and Global-Physical-Activity-Questionnaire was used to collect respondents’ data. HBP was defined as systolic-blood-pressure of ≥140mmHg and/or a diastolic-blood-pressure of ≥90mmHg. Data were significant at p < 0.05. Teaching-and non-teaching-staff-ages were 49±8.56 and 42±9.40 years, respectively. HBP-prevalence: teaching (18.9%); non-teaching (18.1%). PAL-status: insufficiently-physically-active: teaching (96.4%), non-teaching (89.3%); physically-active: teaching (3.6%), non-teaching (10.7%). Trekked ≥3times/week: teaching (38.7%); non-teaching (59.2%); vigorous-intensity-activity (VIA): teaching (3.8%); non-teaching (11.0%); moderate-intensity-activity (MIA): teaching (29.0%), non-teaching (26.1%). Time-spent VIA ≥75mins: teaching (3.6%), non-teaching (12.0%); MIA ≥150mins: teaching (9.2%), non-teaching (9.5%). Sitting-hrs ≤30 mins/day before standing-up: teaching (3.6%), non-teaching (12.6%). Physically-active with HBP: teaching (29.4%), non-teaching (15.7%); Insufficiently-physically-active with HBP: teaching (18.5%), non-teaching (18.4%). Trekking-frequency was significantly-associated with HBP among teaching-staff while frequency and duration of recreational-activities were associated with HBP among non-teaching-staff (p≤0.05). Odds of having HBP among non-teaching-staff decreased with trekking (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: (0.36 - 0.99); p=0.049). High physical-inactivity and HBP existed among respondents. Health-education and awareness on physical-activity and HBP are important among these respondents.
creator: NGOZI UCHENDU FLORENCE
creator: OLUWAKEMI O. ODUKOYA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 227
ending page: 243

EVALUATION OF PERCEIVED DANGERS OF HEALTHCARE WASTES AMONG PATIENTS AND THE WORKERS IN OSUN STATE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES, NIGERIA
type: item
description: The study specifically examined the various wastes generated in healthcare facilities among workers and patients in Ile-Ife and Ilesha. It assessed the workers and the patients’ knowledge about healthcare wastes management in the study area; determined the healthcare wastes management practices among workers and patients in the study area; and assessed the perceived health dangers of healthcare wastes among the patients and workers in the study area. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The sample consisted of 200 workers and 400 patients at different healthcare facilities. The research instrument used was a self-designed which consisted section 'A' and 'B' The questionnaire was to collect information from the respondents was placed on agreed and disagreed. Data collected were presented and analyzed using simple percentage statistical analysis of t-test table. The finding showed that there were various waste generated among workers and patients in healthcare facilities, the patients were not knowledgeable about the healthcare waste management, majority of the workers had good practice of healthcare wastes disposal than the patients. Finally there was a significant difference in the perceived dangers of healthcare wastes between the patients and workers. It was recommended that the 3 tiers of government should educate the healthcare giver that wastes should be handled with proper care.
creator: CAROLINE FUNMBI AKINNUBI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 250
ending page: 258

ATTITUDES AND TRAINING AS DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
type: item
description: Food safety practices are associated with several factors such as attitude, training and knowledge among food handlers. The study was therefore conducted to investigate attitudes and training as determinants of food safety practices among food handlers in tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The respondents for the study comprised 480 samples selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data for the study were collected with the aid of self-designed structured and validated questionnaire. The questionnaire was subjected to test re-test reliability procedures and a correlation coefficient of 0.79 was obtained which was deemed high. Data for the study were analysed with the aid of frequency count, simple percentage and regression model. Findings showed that food handlers in the study area had positive attitudes towards safe food handling with mean score 3.75±1.01 and majority (55.1%) of the food handlers had received trainings in major food safe food handling practices. Findings also revealed that attitudes (p<0.05) and training (p<0.05) were significant determinants of food safety practices in the study area. The study concludes that food handlers’ attitude and trainings had positive and significant effect on food safety practices in the study area. The study recommends that tertiary institutions should continue to encourage food handlers towards developing positive attitude towards food safety as well as put training programs in place for them.
creator: H. O. OWOMBO
creator: AKINNUBI C. F.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 259
ending page: 266

IMPACT OF SPORTS BULLYING ON MENTAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY ATHLETES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study determined whether experiences of bullying significantly influence athletes’ mental health before, during and after competitions. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research targeted athletes from six Federal Universities (FUs), sampling four institutions through simple random sampling. A total of 320 athletes across various sports including ball, racket, stick, athletics, and gymnastics were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. Convenient sampling technique was adopted for the study. A Self-structured and validated questionnaire entitled “Sports Bullying and Athletes’ Mental Health-Survey” with reliability coefficient of 0.78 was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, bar charts, means, and standard deviations and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PMCC) statistic was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level. Findings indicated a high prevalence of sports bullying, with 309 (96.6%) athletes reporting experiences of bullying; 178 (57.6%) were female. The study identified cyberbullying (mean = 29.74 ± 4.67), physical bullying (28.31 ± 4.02), verbal bullying (25.58 ± 3.45), and relational bullying (16.66 ± 1.08) as prevalent forms. Key risk factors included intimidation (31.3%), limited friendships (23.0%), ethnicity (20.4%), and physical condition (13.6%). The mental health consequences associated with bullying comprised anger (17.8%), guilt (14.2%), compulsive behaviour (13.3%), depression (12.3%), excessive worry (11.9%), panic disorder (10.7%), and anxiety (9.7%). The study concluded that sports bullying is highly prevalent among university athletes in Southwestern Nigeria and is significantly associated with adverse mental health outcomes. The study recommends implementing periodic awareness campaigns, enforcing anti-bullying laws, and establishing clear codes of conduct to mitigate bullying and promote athletes’ mental well-being.
creator: OLAWALE J. O.
creator: ADEKUNLE P. F.
creator: ADEMOKOYA G. I.
creator: SUSAINAH Y SANGODELE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 267
ending page: 279

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN CULTURAL FESTIVALS. A GENERAL OVERVIEW
type: item
description: Nigerian cultural festivals, offer a unique opportunity to explore the biopsychosocial model, a comprehensive framework integrating biological, psychological, and socialological dimensions of human physical activity. This paper delved into the multifaceted dimensions of these festivals on individuals and communities, highlighting their significance in promoting holistic well-being. Biologically, Nigerian cultural festivals encompass physical activities such as traditional dances and sports, which enhance cardiovascular health, muscular strength, and overall fitness. These events also showcase nutritious traditional foods, promoting healthy dietary habits and awareness of indigenous health practices. Psychologically, these festivals foster mental well-being by providing joy, excitement, and opportunities for emotional expression. Participants experience stress relief and enhanced self-esteem through cultural pride and recognition. Socially, Nigerian cultural festivals strengthen community cohesion by bringing together diverse groups and fostering social bonds. They play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage, enabling intergenerational knowledge transfer, and promoting inclusivity and social harmony. The economic opportunities generated through tourism and local business promotion further enhance community development and support. By examining Nigerian cultural festivals through the biopsychosocial lens, this paper underscores their profound impact on individual and communal well-being, emphasizing the importance of integrating biological, psychological, and social perspectives to fully appreciate their values. This holistic approach not only enhances our understanding of these cultural events but also informs policies and practices aimed at maximizing their entire benefits.
creator: , J. B OMONU
creator: A. D. DAHIRU
creator: S. U. JONATHAN
creator: M. ABDUL, M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 280
ending page: 287

SECURITY AS A DETERMINANT OF ACHIEVING LIFE AMBITION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AMONG PEOPLE IN OYO STATE
type: item
description: The achievement of one’s ambition in life depends highly on peace and rest of mind which is the product of environmental factors among which is security. This study examined the degree to which security can enhance sustainable life ambition among people of Oyo state. The population for this study consisted people in Oyo state as at the time of this study. Multistage sampling techniques of purposive, stratified and incidental random were used. Sample size of four hundred (400) respondents was used. The instrument used for data collection was researcher’s structured questionnaire titled “Security as a Determinant of Achieving Life Ambition for Sustainable Development (SDALASD)” which was validated by experts in Physical and Health Education and Test and Measurement. Split-half method of data was used while Spearman-Brown rank order correlation statistics was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. The co-efficient of 0.75 obtained was high enough to proof its reliability. The two null hypotheses formulated were rejected. The results obtained showed that peace and rest of mind are the tangible ingredient for achieving one’s ambition and the ingredients were product of security. Recommendations made include: that every individual wherever one lives should allow peace to reign and put every measure that can combat insecurity in place should in case of unexpected threat or attack.
creator: MUFUTAU TIJANI OGUNSOLA
creator: ISAAC OPEYEMI OGUNTUNJI
creator: GRACE ABIODUN ADESOKAN
creator: DEBORAH OLUWAKEMI OLOLADE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 288
ending page: 294

IMPACT OF EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC INCENTIVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ELITE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: The study investigated the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on the performance of top track and field athletes in Nigeria. It especially looks at how athletes' motivation, resilience, and performance results are impacted by monetary rewards, non-monetary acknowledgment, personal fulfilment, and goal completion. The study examines the motivational processes that link well-designed incentives to consistently high performance, drawing on Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy Theory. The subject is contextualized through real-world examples, such as the Olympic incentive schemes and Nigeria's National Sports Festival. According to the review's findings, intrinsic rewards are essential for promoting long-term dedication and moral behaviour , even while extrinsic incentives might produce temporary performance increases. The study suggests that incentive systems be culturally responsive, that reward distribution be transparent, and that both incentive types be integrated. These insights provide valuable guidance for coaches, sports administrators, and policymakers seeking to enhance athlete motivation and performance in competitive sports.
creator: MICHAEL OLUWATOSIN ADEWUMI
creator: AFEEZ BABATUNDE OGUNDELE
creator: ANN OLAYEMI ARUNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 295
ending page: 306

ORGANISATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE
type: item
description: This study investigated organizational and administrative factors as predictors of sports development among adolescents in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 82 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis to determine the significance of various predictors of sports development. Findings revealed that organizational factors (facilities, talent development, and financial management) significantly contributed to sports development, accounting for 21% of the variance (R² = 0.205, p < 0.05). Among these, financial management was the most influential factor, contributing 38% independently. Similarly, administrative factors (leadership style, human resources, and resource management) accounted for 28% of the variance (R² = 0.282, p < 0.05), having the highest independent contribution at 25.4%. When both organizational and administrative factors were combined, they jointly accounted for 34% of the variance in sports development (R² = 0.337, p < 0.05). Among the predictors, talent development and leadership style were the most significant, contributing 47% and 34%, respectively. The study concluded that an integrated approach that combines infrastructural investments with strong administrative frameworks is essential for promoting sustainable sports development. The study recommends that policymakers and school administrators prioritize financial investment, leadership training, and structured talent development programs to enhance sports participation and performance. By addressing these key factors, sports development in Ogun State can be strengthened, providing better opportunities for young athletes and fostering a culture of sports excellence.
creator: MOROUNKEJI JOHN SOYINKA
creator: OLUWATOYIN MERCY JAIYEOBA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 307
ending page: 315

EFFECTS OF BRICKWALKING ON ANTHROPMETRICS VARIABLES OF OBESE ADULTS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS, KWARA STATE
type: item
description: This study investigated effect of brisk walking on Anthropometric variables of obese Adult in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State. The research design of one group protest post-test experimental design was adopted for the study. The population comprised all obese adults within the study area. A multistage sampling procedure of stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 70 respondents for the study. Anthropometric adapted data sheet and standardized research instrument for measurement were used for the study. The instrument was validated by experts in the department of Human Kinetics Education Kwara State University Malete and University of Ilorin. The reliability level of the instrument was established through split half method using cronbach alpha. A reliability coefficient of 0.96 was obtained. The administration of the instrument was done by the researcher and five (5) trained research assistants. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standards deviation to analysed the demographic data while inferential statistics of analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses set for the study at 0.05 alpha level. The result revealed that there was significant effect of brisk walking on body weight of obese adults, there was significant effect of brisk walking on body mass index and lean body weight of obese adult in Ilorin metropolis. Based on the findings of this study, the study recommends that there is need for collaborative effort among exercise scientist and fitness experts to educate all classes of people on the importance of engaging in physical exercise especially brisk walking and to adopt a active lifestyle that would promote healthy living and reduce obese among adult in the community.
creator: HALIMAT I’YA ISMAIL-ORIRE
creator: ELIJAH KAYODE FALAYE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 316
ending page: 326

INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION AND EXERCISE ON THE WELL-BEING OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AKINYELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE.
type: item
description: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of nutrition and exercise on the well-being of secondary school students in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and the survey design of descriptive research was used for the study. A sample size of two hundred and fifty (250) respondents was used from ten public secondary schools in Akinyele local government in which each school fielded twenty-five respondents. A structured questionnaire titled Nutrition and Exercise on the Well-Being of Secondary School Students in Akinyele (NEWBSSSA) was used as research instrument. The hypotheses were tested using linear regression (r2) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there is significant influence of nutrition on well-being, nutrition on emotional well-being and exercise on the mental well-being of secondary school students (r = 0.936, 0.927 and 0.955 respectively) These factors explained a standardized Beta of 0.441 for the independent variable symbolizes a positive and relatively strong predictor. It was concluded that nutrition and exercise are undeniably vital to the well-being of students and it also influences not only physical health but also cognitive function, emotional stability, and social interactions, all of which are crucial for success in an academic environment. The researchers recommended that parents should model positive eating behaviours, that is, parents should serve as role models to their children by making healthy food choices themselves. Children are more likely to adopt healthy eating habits if they observe their parents making these choices.
creator: OLUFEMI S. DADA
creator: OLUWATOYIN M. JAIYEOBA
creator: ADISA OLAWUMI
creator: OLATUNDE N. IFETA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 327
ending page: 338

MENTAL TOUGHNESS AS PREDICTORS OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE-ATHLETES OF LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY, IBADAN
type: item
description: Mental toughness is considered to be a multifaceted psychological construct, which refers to a collection of psychological characteristics that play a central role in optimal performance. This study examined mental toughness as predictor of sports performance among undergraduate-athletes of Lead City University, Ibadan. Descriptive survey research design was used. Population was all undergraduate athletes of Lead City University, Ibadan. The sample size was 140 respondents, while purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used. Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48 (MTQ-48) and the Sport Performance Perception Scale (SPPS) were used to collect data. MTQ-48 was adopted while SPPS was modified. Questionnaire were validated and yielded reliability co-efficient of (MTQ-48= 0.86; SPPS= 0.89). The descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse demographic data. Inferential statistics of multiple regression was used to analyse the hypotheses. The result of the study revealed that there was a significant joint prediction of mental toughness (F4,135)=16.709, p<0.05) on sports performance. There was a significant relative prediction of mental toughness factors of control (β=0.292, p<0.05) and commitment (β=-0.211, p<0.05); while confidence (β=0.226, p>0.05) and challenge (ß=-0.086, p>0.05) were not. The study concluded that there was a significant joint prediction of mental toughness on sports performance among the respondents. There were significant relative prediction of control and commitment, on sports performance among the respondents, while confidence and challenge were not. It was recommended among others that undergraduate-athletes coaches should ensure that athletes’ training programmes not only address general mental toughness but the specific components also.
creator: ESTHER M. OLADEJO
creator: GBENGA IDOWU AKANBI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 339
ending page: 349

AVAILABILITY AND COMPLIANCE WITH COVID-19 PREVENTIVE PROTOCOLS IN SPORT ARENAS DURING TRAINING AND COMPETITIONS IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA COVID-19
type: item
description: Due to the high risk of COVID-19 transmission in sporting activities, relevant sports authorities across the globe have established preventive protocols for COVID-19 in sports trainings and competitions. The purpose of this study was to assess the availability and compliance with COVID-19 preventive protocols in sports arenas in southwestern Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. The study sample consisted of 220 respondents comprising 160 athletes, 20 sports administrators, and 40 spectators from four (4) states in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling approach was used, including cluster, stratified, random, and convenience sampling techniques. A structured questionnaire with elements of a 3-point Likert scale was used as an instrument for data collection. The study found that standardized Covid-19 preventive protocols were available in sports arenas in the study area, with a high level of compliance with the protocols among the athletes (2.26 ± 0.55), spectators (2.40 ± 0.50), and sports administrators (2.50 ± 0.68). The study concluded that structured Covid-19 preventive protocols were available in sports arenas in the study area, with a high level of compliance with the Covid-19 preventive protocols among the athletes, spectators and sports administrators in the study area. It was recommended that sports organization authorities and the three stakeholders (athletes, spectators and sports administrators) should sustain and strengthen the implementation of the COVID-19 preventive protocols. In addition, the authorities should develop flexible frameworks that will enable adaptation of the existing COVID-19 protocols to solve or manage future occurrences of pandemics or health crises.
creator: BOLANLE SILIFAT ADEBIYI
creator: KEHINDE ADEBAYO ADERONMU
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 350
ending page: 357

AGING AND EXERCISE: CONCERN FOR FITNESS OF THE ELDERLY FOR GRACEFUL AGING
type: item
description: The following changes are observed in the aged: malfunctioning of the body system, changes in cells, tissues and o2rgan’s structure, biological functions start slowing down, and physiological changes such as decreased breathing capacity, vital capacity and low basal metabolism become eminent. Physical characteristics - loss of hair and teeth, graying of hair, decrease in muscle mass, wrinkling of the skin and increase in fat deposits are also observed. Many aged people live alone especially, after the death of a spouse; and do not interact socially with others. The opportunity to interact with others diminishes after retirement; thus exercise programmes: endurance exercise to condition the heart, lungs and circulation; strength exercises for muscular strength as well as stretch exercises to improve joint mobility are advocated. Succinctly, regular involvement in social, physical, and creative recreational activities would provide an atmosphere conducive to developing friendships and to overcoming isolation and resulting loneliness. For the benefits of exercise to be achieved for the elderly, their nutrition should be considered as well. Thus, the aged should have exercise prescription appropriately from certified personnel. Exercise requires certain precautions for safety purposes. If done appropriately, their fitness would be simless as they age gracefully.
creator: INENGITE I.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 358
ending page: 375

REVOLUTIONIZING THE TEACHING OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
type: item
description: Physical and Health Education (PHE) is a cornerstone of holistic education, promoting the physical, mental, and social well-being of students. In Nigeria, however, the teaching of PHE in secondary schools remains underdeveloped, under resourced, and undervalued. This study critically examines the current state of PHE instruction in Nigerian secondary schools and presents a strategic framework for revolutionizing its delivery. Drawing upon a wide range of literature, curriculum analysis, and educational theory, the paper explores the concepts, scope, and curriculum of both physical and health education within the Nigerian context. It evaluates the aims and objectives of PHE, identifies prevailing challenges such as insufficient infrastructure, lack of trained educators, policy neglect, and low societal valuation, and proposes innovative pedagogical and technological strategies for improvement. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating global best practices, enhancing student engagement, and adopting interdisciplinary and inclusive teaching methods. Furthermore, it situates PHE within the global education agenda, showing its potential to foster international connectivity, life skills development, and career readiness among Nigerian youth. Recommendations focus on curriculum reform, teacher training, digital resource integration, and policy advocacy. This work argues that revolutionizing the teaching of PHE is not only essential for national educational development but also for equipping students with lifelong health competencies and global competitiveness. Physical and Health Education (PHE) is a cornerstone of holistic education, promoting the physical, mental, and social well-being of students. In Nigeria, however, the teaching of PHE in secondary schools remains underdeveloped, under resourced, and undervalued. This study critically examines the current state of PHE instruction in Nigerian secondary schools and presents a strategic framework for revolution…
creator: AYO KAYODE AKINMUSERE
creator: MERCY TITILAYO FATOBA
creator: SEUN MICHAEL OGUNLEYE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 376
ending page: 388

SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AS TOOLS FOR CURBING CAMPUS CULTISM IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
type: item
description: The establishment of tertiary institutions in Nigeria was primarily aimed at fostering academic excellence, moral development, and national progress. However, the menace of cultism has become a major threat to these objectives, leading to violence, insecurity, and academic decline. Campus tranquillity has been undermined by cultism, which has an impact on social cohesion and education. This study looks at how recreational activities and sports psychology can be useful strategies for reducing campus cultism. It highlights how organized leisure and athletic programs can help students focus their energies in constructive ways, develop self-discipline, and improve their mental health. The history of cultism in Nigeria, the causes of restlessness in young people, and the value of leisure in character development are all covered in the study. It comes to the conclusion that by encouraging social cohesiveness, collaboration, and emotional stability, well-run sports and leisure activities can aid in the decline of cultism. Recommendations include the establishment of diverse recreational programmes, proper maintenance of facilities, and professional management of sports and recreation services in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
creator: DANIEL ERHUVWU OBUKADETA
creator: OCHUKO ERIC NABOFA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 389
ending page: 399

RELEVANCE OF COMMUNICATION TO THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND ITS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
type: item
description: This paper examined the relevance of communication to the Olympic Games and its anticipated impact on sustainable development goals (SDGs). It looks into the concept of Relevance of Communication to the Olympic Games and Sports as well as the effects of communication on Olympic Games through mass media. The concept of The Sustainable Development Goals and sports were as well considered. It also examined the impact of Olympic Games on sustainable Development Goals. It examined possible elements of communication in Olympic Games. The means of media communication in Olympic Games was also looked into while the role of media on Sustainable Development Goals was also discussed. Some useful recommendations were suggested. These include relevance of what is to be used for communication at the Olympic Games, reliability of the message and completeness of the communication to the recipient.
creator: JEPHTAH OLANIYI (Ph.D) OGUNSANYA
creator: MUTAIRU AKANDE (Ph.D) RASHEED
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 400
ending page: 407

PERCEIVED EFFECT OF EXERCISES ON JOB PRODUCTIVITY AMONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS IN IJEBU ODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OGUN STATE
type: item
description: Physical activity reduces the risk of developing heart related diseases. Physical inactivity in the local governments’ area has a considerable number of negative effects on the performance of the workers as well as their state of health. Based on the stated issues, this study examined the impact of participating in exercises on jab performance among local government workers in Ijebu Ode Local Government, Ogun State. Quantity methods were used for the research data. The quantity data were obtained from the survey of respondents drawn from the total population the research design adopted was simple sampling techniques. Hypothesis were formulated for each factors. The quality data collected were analysed using chi square(X²) and were tested at 0.05% level of significant. Also, quality data were analysed using simple percentage to describe the demographic data. The study revealed that there was significant, influence of participating in exercises (x² cal-7.82<0.05) on job performance among local government workers in Ijebu Ode local Government, Ogun State. Therefore, the null hypotheses were rejected. The study recommends that there should be massive injection of funds and financial assistance from both the Nigerian government and some international donor agencies for provision of facilities for effective participation in exercises.
creator: OLAWALE OLUWASEUN OLADAPO
creator: IDOWU FUNMILAYO FAMILONI
creator: OPEYEMI ALABA BABATUNDE
creator: PAULINA OLUBUNMI SHOFOLAHAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 408
ending page: 4`19

ASSESSMENT OF PERCEIVED RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY TRUCK MOVEMENT IN OSUN STATE
type: item
description: This study specifically examined the assessment of perceived risks associated with heavy truck movement in Osun State. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study, population for this study comprised of all resident of the residential areas in Osun Stat, sample size for this were 500 respondents, using accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through used of self-structured questionnaire and the questionnaire contained two Sections A and B, section A was used to elicit Demography data of the respondents while the second section was used to elicit information on the questionnaire titled “assessment of perceived risks associated with heavy truck movement” (APRAHTM). The data were analysed using both descriptive statistics and simple percentages and inferential statistics of (SPSS). The ANOVA analysis of variance and analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal that a majority of respondents lack awareness of the health threats posed by heavy trucks, with 53.9% that they were not aware of these Health risks from heavy truck movement around the residential area, while (46.1%) were aware with of it. Additionally, with (65%) disagreed that heavy trucks could cause different types of health threat in the study area, while (35%) agreed with the statement. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between awareness levels and types of health threats among residents in study areas. Findings for reviewed that there was no significant influence of awareness level on knowledge of health threat that heavy truck can cause in the study areas with p-value (PR(>F)) for C(Awareness Level) and C(Threat) was 0.906663 for Awareness Level and 1.000000 for Threat Type. This implied that significant effects exist between awareness levels and threat type. The study concluded that Heavy Trucks Movement has health threat on the Health of Residents of Residential area in the study areas.
creator: AFEEZ OLAYINKA (M.A.) BABALOLA
creator: PHEBIAN FUNMILAYO (Ph.D) ADEKUNLE
creator: TIMOTHY OLUWOLE (M.A.) ADISA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
volume: 6
number: 1
starting page: 420
ending page: 427